Session 1

Introduction to the Resilient System

• Introduction to Resilience
  • Definition of Resilience
  • Resilient Power Supply
  • Resilience
  • Redundancy
• Standby redundancy
• Active or parallel redundancy
• N+1 redundancy
• Eliminating single points of failure
• Maintaining a resilient system

Introduction to Reliability

• Early life or burn-in
• Useful life or normal operating period
• Wear-out or old age
• Mean time to failure (MTTF)
• Mean time between failures (MTBF)
• Availability and mean time to repair (MTTR)
• Measuring Reliability for UPS Systems
• Mean Time Between Failure
• Infant Mortality UPS Failures
• Random UPS Failures
• Wear Out Failures
• Mean Time to Repair
• Categorizing UPS Loads and Load Types
• Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
  • Objectives of utilization of UPS
  • Specifications
  • Methods and Options of Technologies
• Off Line or Standby UPS
• On Line or No Break UPS
• Line Interactive UPS
  • Installation and testing of UPS
  • Maintenance of UPS
  • Design criteria and selection of UPSEE146 | REVISION 001 PAGE 4 OF 10
  • UPS Design
  • Selection of UPS
  • The Importance of Site Surveys When Specifying Uninterruptible Power Supplies
  • Site survey is integral to successful UPS selection
  • Protection and Devices
  • Uninterruptible Power Supplies and Harmonics

Session 2:

• UPS or Generator
• Generator Sizing for Compatibility with UPS
  • Power Rating For Standby Power Solutions
  • Synchronization
  • Ambient Temperature
• Electromagnetic compatibility
• General classification of phenomena
• Impulsive Transients
• Oscillatory transient
• Interruption
• Sags(dips)
• Swells
• Long duration variations
• Power frequency variations
• Voltage dip
• Waveform distortion
  • Harmonic
  • Inter-harmonic
  • Notching
  • Noise
  • Flicker
• Voltage Unbalance

Introduction to Power Electronic Elements & Applications

• Introduction to Power Electronics
• Power Electronics Components
  • the diode
  • the two-wire thyristor (or PNPN diode)
  • the three-wire thyristor [or silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)]
  • the gate turnoff (GTO) thyristor
  • the DIAC
  • the power transistor (PTR)
  • the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)
• Ratings of Power Electronic Devices
• AC to DC Conversion
  • 3-phase Diode rectifier bridge
  • 3-phase Thyristor rectifier bridge
• DC to AC Conversion
• High-Power Semiconductor Devices

Session 3:

Introduction to AC UPS

• What UPS stands for?
• UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
• Single UPS Block Diagram
• Single UPS System with Mains Bypass (typical Gutor)
  • Configuration
  • Principle Diagram
  • Description of Operation
• Normal operation
• Battery operation
• Bypass operation
• Standby/Off
• Common Power Problems
• Types of UPS
  • Offline UPS or Standby Power Supply
  • Line-Interactive UPS
  • Double-Conversion On-line UPS
• Comparison of Prominent UPS Topologies
• UPS Selection Criteria
  • Output Power
  • Batteries Life
  • Cost
  • Vendor Warranty and Onsite Service Options
  • Additional Features
• Parallel redundant static UPS unit
• Dual static UPS configuration
  • Load Sharing
  • Unit rating
• AC UPS System Description (Typical Gutor)
  • Function of ATS & how it works
• Sizing of Inverter
  • Combined Critical Load Power Factor
  • Combined Inrush Current
  • Critical Load Growth Factor
  • Harmonics
• AC UPS Battery Sizing
  • Battery Calculation
  • Calculating on-battery runtime
  • Dropping diodes
• UPS Hazards
  • Pre work considerations
  • Working on a functioning UPS
• General Information – As Data Sample for UPS

Session 4:

Introduction to DC UPS

• Battery Chargers/DC UPS
  • D.C. Supported Systems
  • Battery Charger Theory
• Trickle charge
• Rapid-charging/boost
  • Battery Charger Output Regulation
• DC UPS Battery Sizing
  • Charging Capacity (Amp-Hour Rating)
  • Battery Voltage
  • Application Voltage Levels
  • Load Classification
  • Battery Sizing
• Maximum system voltage
• Minimum system voltage
• Correction factor
• Duty cycle

Fault diagnosis on battery charger & replace faulty components

• DC Storage Batteries
• Purpose & Function of Batteries
• Batteries Construction
• Applications & Expected locations
• Lead-Acid Batteries
  • Specific Gravity
  • Capacity of Storage Batteries
  • Nickel-Cadmium Alkaline Cell
• Alkaline Batteries
  • Chemical Action in a Nicad Cell
  • Construction of the Nicad Cell
  • NiCad Cell Characteristics
• Comparison between Lead Acid and Alkaline Batteries
• Sealed Batteries
• Batteries Charging
  • Principles Of Battery Charging
  • Initial Charge
  • Normal Charge
  • Equalizing Charge
  • Trickle Charge
  • Emergency Charge
  • Boost Charge
  • Freshening Charge
• Sulphation of plates
• Importance of good ventilation
• Specifications & ratings of Batteries
• Capacity of Storage Batteries
• Battery sizing
• How much of the charge energy of a battery you would expect to recover in use
• Requirements of International Standards for Eye washing
  • Emergency Shower Drench Checklist
• Exhaust Fans
• Battery Safety Hazards
• Maintenance of Al-Cad batteries in service
  • Recommended maintenance procedure
  • Measuring the specific gravity
  • Battery Test Discharge
  • Replacement of a defective battery in a battery bank
• Preparation of new battery
• Requirements of Battery Rooms
• Requirements of switchboard that will be installed on battery room
• Cell Failures
• General Corrective Actions
  • Mixing sulphuric acid electrolyte
  • Mixing Alkaline Electrolyte
• Battery Installations Requirements
  • Physical Requirements
  • Battery Room Size
• Working Space
• Interior Walls and Floors
• Battery Room Doors
• Lighting Fixture Requirements
  • Ventilation Requirements
• A/C Requirements
  • Battery Racks
  • Grounding
  • Drains
  • Safety
• Battery Installations
  • Battery Installation Basics
  • Operation
  • Battery Electrochemical and Construction Types
  • Battery Installation Readings and Tests.
• In-Service Energized Readings.
• Out-of-Service Energized Tests

Session 5:

UPS & Batteries Maintenance & Troubleshooting

• UPS Maintenance Procedures
  • Safety
  • Preventive maintenance
  • Records
• Use of records
  • UPS system in dedicated UPS rooms
  • Major system inspections
• Major system inspection – general
  • Corrective maintenance
  • Recognizing impending problems
  • UPS Troubleshooting
• UPS Battery Maintenance Procedures
  • Maintenance costs.
  • Maintenance access
  • Preventive maintenance
• Weekly battery inspection
• Monthly battery inspection
• Quarterly battery inspection
• Annual battery inspection
  • Battery Maintenance procedures
  • Maintaining flooded lead-acid cells
• Maintenance considerations
• Visual inspections
• Cell inspections
• Excessive gassing
• Mossing
• Sediment
• Hydration
• Frozen electrolyte
• Cleaning
• Temperature readings
• Specific-gravity readings
• Voltage readings
• Capacity tests
• Connection resistance
• Battery rack
• Water quality
• Test equipment
  • Maintaining valve-regulated lead-acid cells
  • Ni-cad cells
  • Safety of UPS & Batteries
  • Troubleshooting of UPS
• Possible failures and corrective actions of the UPS system
  • Sample of Preventive Maintenance Work Instructions

End of the Workshop